Site Management

UNIT - 01

Explanation of “MOBILIZATION AND JOB LAYOUT” in the Civil Diploma Syllabus

Context within the Construction Planning & Management Course

This topic typically appears in the 4th-semester subject on Construction Planning & Management. It kicks off the segment where students learn how to launch a site, define roles, and break a project into manageable pieces.

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1. Concept of Key Plan & Job Plan; Mobilization of Construction Sites

• Key Plan

  1. A bird’s-eye diagram showing the project boundaries, major access roads, laydown areas, utilities and interfaces with adjacent properties.
  2. Helps stakeholders orient themselves to the overall site and its constraints.

• Job Plan

  1. A detailed, sequence‐based schedule of all on-site activities (earthworks, foundations, superstructure, finishes).
  2. Specifies resource needs (labour, equipment, materials) and target dates for each work package.

• Site Mobilization

  • Setting up the physical and organizational infrastructure required to start work:
    1. Establishing site offices, stores and security.
    2. Bringing in plant and machinery, tools and consumables.
    3. Arranging temporary services (power, water, toilets).
    4. Deploying the initial project team.

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2. Role of the Owner, Contractor & Designer; Organization Charts

Key Responsibilities

• Owner

  1. Defines project scope, budget and approvals.
  2. Funds the work and takes final delivery.

• Designer (Architect/Engineer)

  1. Develops drawings, specifications and technical standards.
  2. Answers technical queries and issues site instructions.

• Contractor

  1. Mobilizes resources, executes the work, manages quality, safety and timeline.
  2. Coordinates subcontractors and procures materials.

Sample Organization Charts

Level	Private-Sector Firm	Government Agency
Top Authority	Managing Director / CEO	Chief Engineer / GM
Project Oversight	Project Director	Executive Engineer
Project Execution	Project Manager / Site Manager	Assistant Engineer
Site Supervision	Site Engineer / Foreman	Junior Engineer / Section Officer
Technical Support	Planning Engineer / QS	Planning Officer / Estimator

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3. Work Breakdown Structure & Turnkey Operation

• Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

  1. Hierarchical decomposition of the entire scope into phases, packages and activities.
  2. Each lowest-level work package is small enough to estimate cost, duration and assign responsibility.

• Turnkey Operation

  1. A delivery model where the contractor assumes full responsibility—from detailed design through construction to commissioning—handing over a ready-to-operate facility.
  2. Minimizes client coordination by providing a single point of contact.

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What Comes Next in the Course

After mastering site mobilization and initial planning, students progress to:

1. Detailed cost estimation and procurement strategies
2. Scheduling techniques (CPM, PERT, bar charts)
3. Resource leveling and cash‐flow forecasting
4. Risk management and safety planning

UNIT - 02

Residential & Industrial Layout Planning and Bidding Concepts

Context within the Diploma Syllabus

These three exercises appear in the Construction Planning & Management module (typically in Semester 4). They move students from site mobilization and WBS into real-world planning tasks—drawing layout plans for different land uses—and introduce the contractual framework (bidding) that underpins how projects are awarded.

1. Residential Area Layout Plan (LIG, MIG, HIG)

A residential layout plan organizes housing, circulation and amenities to suit different income groups:

1. Income-Group Classification

   1. LIG (Low-Income Group): smaller plots (30–60 m²), basic services
   2. MIG (Middle-Income Group): medium plots (60–150 m²), enhanced amenities
   3. HIG (High-Income Group): larger plots (>150 m²), additional open spaces

2. Planning Principles

   1. Road hierarchy: arterial, collector and local streets
   2. Plot orientation for daylight and ventilation
   3. Provision of green spaces, playgrounds, community halls
   4. Utility corridors: water mains, sewage, drains, electricity

3. Steps to Prepare the Plan

   1. Site analysis: topography, access, buffers to noisy roads

   2. Zoning: carve out LIG, MIG and HIG blocks

   3. Road layout: ensure smooth traffic flow and emergency access

   4. Amenity allocation: schools, clinics, parks, local shops

   5. Final drawing: scale plan with plot boundaries, dimensions, legends

2. Industrial Area Layout Plan

Industrial layouts optimize land use, logistics and environmental controls for factories and warehouses:

1. Land-Use Zoning

   1. Heavy, medium and light industries in separate sectors
   2. Buffer zones (greenbelts) to shield residential areas from noise and pollution

2. Circulation & Logistics

   1. Wide arterial roads for trucks, internal service lanes
   2. Gatehouses, weighbridges and parking yards
   3. Separate entry/exit points for raw materials and finished goods

3. Utilities & Services

   1. Power substation, fuel storage, water treatment plant
   2. Effluent treatment and safe disposal areas
   3. Fire-fighting mains and emergency access

4. Preparation Workflow

   1. Assess industrial types and space standards per plot

   2. Lay out roads, plot boundaries and service corridors

   3. Mark utility zones (STP, transformer yards, maintenance sheds)

   4. Annotate in a scaled drawing with north arrow, legend and dimensions

3. Concept of Bidding & Bid Documentation

Understanding how contractors compete for work is vital to project delivery:

1. Bidding vs. Tendering

   1. Bidding: process by which contractors submit offers to execute defined work
   2. Tender: formal invitation document (Invitation to Bid) issued by owner or consultant

2. Key Terminologies

   1. Prequalification: screening contractors’ financial and technical capacity
   2. Earnest Money Deposit (EMD) / Bid Bond: security to discourage frivolous bids
   3. Bid Validity: period during which submitted rates must remain firm
   4. Addenda: formal amendments to the original tender documents

3. Bid Template & Bid Form

   1. Bid Template: structured format covering bidder’s credentials, project understanding, deviations
   2. Bid Form (Letter of Bid): signed declaration of acceptance, offered scope, lump-sum or item-rate schedule
   3. Bill of Quantities (BOQ): detailed tabulation of work items and unit rates

What Follows

After completing these planning and bidding exercises, students typically advance to:

1. Detailed cost estimation and material take-offs
2. Project scheduling (CPM/PERT) and resource leveling
3. Contract types (lump-sum, cost-plus, EPC) and risk allocation

UNIT - 03

Explanation of Contracting and Tendering Topics in Construction Planning & Management

Context within the Course

These topics appear in the Construction Planning & Management subject (usually in Semester 4 of the Diploma in Civil Engineering). They build on site mobilization and work breakdown concepts by introducing how projects are packaged into contracts, how bids are invited and awarded, and how formal agreements guide execution.

1. Contract & Tendering

Types of Contracts

1. Lump-Sum (Fixed Price)

2. Item-Rate

3. Cost-Plus (Reimbursable)

4. Engineering–Procurement–Construction (EPC/Turnkey)

5. Build–Operate–Transfer (BOT) / Public–Private Partnership (PPP)

Contract Agreement

1. Parties involved (owner, contractor)
2. Scope of work and deliverables
3. Price, payment terms, milestones
4. Duration, start and completion dates
5. Conditions of contract (termination, extensions, dispute resolution)

Pre-Tender Planning

1. Defining project scope and technical specifications
2. Preparing bid documents (drawings, Bill of Quantities, general/special conditions)
3. Prequalification of bidders (financial and technical criteria)
4. Drafting tentative schedule, budget estimates, procurement strategy

Post-Tender Planning

1. Opening and initial scrutiny of bids
2. Evaluation against technical and financial criteria
3. Clarifications or negotiations with lowest-responsive bidder
4. Recommendation and issuance of Letter of Intent (LoI)

2. Procedure for Inviting Tender

Tender Notice

1. Advertisement in newspapers/portals
2. Key information: project title, location, tender reference, submission deadline, security amount

Tender Documents

1. Invitation to Bid (ITB)
2. Instruction to Bidders (ITB clauses)
3. Conditions of Contract (General & Particular)
4. Technical specifications and drawings
5. Bill of Quantities (BOQ)

E-Tendering Process

1. Publish tender notice on e-procurement portal

2. Upload tender documents and addenda online

3. Bidder registration and digital signature verification

4. Online submission of technical and financial bids

5. Automated opening, decryption and initial compliance check

E-Procurement System

1. Centralized portal for government/private tenders
2. Real-time bid updates, instant clarifications
3. Secure transactions using PKI-based digital signatures
4. Transparent bid evaluation and award notifications

3. Contract Award and Post-Award Formalities

Acceptance of Contract Documents

1. Issuance of Letter of Acceptance (LoA) or Work Order
2. Signing of formal Contract Agreement

Duties and Liabilities

1. Contractor: quality, safety, statutory compliance, schedule adherence
2. Employer/Owner: timely payments, site access, approvals, variations

Completion Certificate

1. Provisional Certificate: issued on substantial completion
2. Defects Liability Period (DLP): contractor corrects defects at own cost
3. Final Completion Certificate: after DLP expiry and defect rectification

Contractor’s Rights and Refund of Deposit

1. Right to claim for extensions of time (EOT) and compensation events
2. Release of Performance Security / Earnest Money Deposit (EMD) on successful completion
3. Final payment settlement after deduction of penalties or liquidated damages

What Follows

After mastering tendering and contract award procedures, the course moves on to:

1. Detailed project scheduling (CPM/PERT, resource leveling)
2. Cost control and cash-flow forecasting
3. Site execution methods, progress monitoring tools
4. Quality assurance, safety planning and risk management