Important question on Fundamental of ICT

IMPORTANT QUESTION

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

Q1. What do you mean by hardware and software in computer system.

Ans. Hardware and Software:

• Computer Hardware refers to the physical and visible components of the system such as a monitor CPU, keyboard and mouse.

• Software , on the other hand, refers to a set of instructions or collection of codes which enable the hardware to perform a specific set of tasks. Examples of software are Microsoft suite of products (Office, Excel, Word, Power Point, Outlook, etc.) Internet browsers like Firefox, Safari, and Chrome.

Q2.Explain block diagram of computer system with neat sketch.

Ans. Block Diagram of Computer System: A computer system is a combination of three things :

• Input Unit
• CPU (Central processing unit)
• Output Unit
  
  
  

(A) Input Unit: The input unit consists of input devices like keyboard mouse, scanner, mic, web camera etc. These devices are used to give information or instructions into the computer system by the user for processing.

(B) Central Processing Unit (CPU):

• The CPU is an electronic hardware device which can perform different types of operations such as arithmetic and logical operation. The CPU is like the heart/brain of the computer.

• CPU is responsible for the processing of all the instructions which are given by the user to the computer system.

• Three main parts of CPU are : Control unit, ALU and memory unit.

The control unit understands which operation to execute, accurately, and in which order. Arithmetic & Logic Unit:

(C) Control Unit:

The control unit (CU) controls all the activities or operations which are performed inside the computer system.

The control unit understands which operation to execute, accurately, and in which order.

Arithmetic & Logic Unit:

It is the combinational digital electronic circuit that can perform arithmetic operations on integer binary numbers.

(D) Memory Unit:

•It is used to store the instructions before and after processing. It has primary and secondary memory.

•Data stored in primary is temporary and cannot store data in vast amount. E.g. RAM

•Data stored in secondary is permanent and in vast amount. E.g. Hard disk

(E) Output Unit:

The output unit consists of devices that displays the results or output after processing. The output data is first stored in memory and then displayed in human readable form through output devices.

Examples of output devices are Monitor, Printers, speakers, Projectors.

Q3. Explain different types of external storage devices. 

Ans. The different types of external storage devices are: 

(1) Hard Disk: 

• The hard disk is the most commonly used permanent memory of the computer system.
• It is capable to store a large amount of data and can be accessed whenever required.
• A hard disk comprises more than one circular disk placed on a rising spindle called platters.
• Each platter surface coated with a magnetic coating.

Q4. What do you mean by word processing?

Ans. A word processor is software or a device that allows users to create, edit, and print documents. It enables you to write text, store it electronically. The earliest word processors were standalone machines similar to electric typewriters that debuted in the 1960s. The word processor is one of the most frequently used software programs on a computer, with Microsoft Word being the most popular word processor.

Q5. What is Ms Excel?

Ans. MS Excel is a spreadsheet program where one can record data in the form of tables. It is easy to analyse data in an Excel spreadsheet.

The main features of MS Excel include inserting a pivot table, sorting of tabulated data, adding formulas to the sheet, and calculating large data.

Q6. What do you mean by header and footer in spreadsheet.

Ans. Header and Footer In Spreadsheet: In Excel, headers and footers appear at the top and bottom of printed worksheets. For instance, you can add a footer that shows page numbers, date, and file name. You can create your own headers and footers, or use many of the built in header and footers available in Excel. These headers and footers are only shown in Page layout view, Print preview, and printed pages. If you want to add headers and footers for multiple worksheets at once, you can use the Page setup dialog box. For other sheet types, like chart sheets, charts, and more, you can only add header and footers using the add or change headers or footers page Layout view

• Click the worksheet where you want to add or change headers or footers.
• On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Header & Footer.
• Excel displays the worksheet in Page Layout view. 
• To add or edit a header or footer, click the left, center, or right header or footer text box at the top or the bot- tom of the worksheet page (under Header, or above Footer). :
• Type the new header or footer text.

Q7.Describe the term charts in Excel in brief.

Ans. A chart is a visual representation of numeric values, Charts (also known as graphs) have been an integral part of spreadsheets.

Types of Charts:

1. Column charts use vertical bars to represent data.

2. Line charts are ideal for showing trends. The data points are connected with lines.

3. Pie charts make it easy to compare proportions. Each value is shown as slice of the pie.

4. Bar charts work just like column charts, but they use horizontal bars instead of vertical bars.

5. Area charts are similar to line charts, except the areas under the lines are filled in.

6. Surface charts allow us to display data across a 3D landscape.

Q8. What is meant by presentation and presentation software?

Ans. A presentation is a collection of data and information that is to be delivered to a specific audience.

Presentation is the process of presenting a topic to an audience, for example, presenting a lesson to students about global warming. Many people make use of presentation software to support them when they have to give a presentation to others. Presentation software is a tool used to display information normally in the form of a slide show.

Q10.Differentiate between Internet and Intranet? 

Ans. Internet is general to PCs all over the world whereas

Intranet is specific to few PCs. Internet provides a wider and better access to websites to a large population, whereas Intranet is restricted. Internet is not as safe as Intranet. Intranet can be safely privatized as per the need.